Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a city that transports visitors back to the golden age of ancient Sri Lanka. Located in the North Central Province, Polonnaruwa was the second capital of the Sinhalese Kingdom after the fall of Anuradhapura in the 10th century AD. The city is renowned for its well-preserved ruins, showcasing the architectural brilliance and cultural achievements of its time.

Polonnaruwa rose to prominence under the reign of King Vijayabahu I, who liberated the island from Chola invaders in 1070 AD and established the city as his capital. However, it was during the reign of his successor, King Parakramabahu I, that Polonnaruwa reached its zenith. King Parakramabahu is credited with the construction of many of the city’s most impressive structures, including the vast irrigation system that remains a marvel of engineering to this day.

The city’s architectural splendor is best experienced through its numerous temples, palaces, and stupas. The Royal Palace complex, with its Audience Hall and Council Chamber, provides a glimpse into the grandeur of the royal court. The Quadrangle, or Dalada Maluwa, is a compact area housing some of the most iconic monuments of Polonnaruwa, including the Vatadage, a circular relic house with intricately carved stone pillars, and the Thuparama, the best-preserved image house in the city.

One of the most striking features of Polonnaruwa is the Gal Vihara, a rock temple showcasing four magnificent Buddha statues carved out of a single granite rock. These statues, depicting the Buddha in various postures – seated, standing, and reclining – are considered masterpieces of Sinhalese rock carving and reflect the artistic excellence of the period.

The Parakrama Samudra, a vast artificial reservoir built by King Parakramabahu, is another highlight of Polonnaruwa. This massive water body, often referred to as the “Sea of Parakrama,” underscores the advanced hydraulic engineering skills of ancient Sri Lanka. The reservoir not only supported agriculture but also added to the scenic beauty of the city.

Exploring Polonnaruwa can be done on foot, by bicycle, or through guided tours. The well-preserved ruins, set amidst lush greenery and serene landscapes, provide a tranquil and contemplative environment for visitors. The city’s archaeological museum offers valuable insights into the history and significance of the various monuments and artifacts found in Polonnaruwa.

Accommodation options in Polonnaruwa range from luxury resorts to budget-friendly guesthouses, ensuring a comfortable stay for all visitors. The city’s location makes it an excellent base for exploring nearby attractions such as the Minneriya and Kaudulla National Parks, known for their elephant gatherings, and the ancient rock fortress of Sigiriya.

In conclusion, Polonnaruwa is a destination that captivates with its historical richness and architectural brilliance. The city’s ancient ruins, set against a backdrop of lush landscapes and tranquil waters, provide a unique and enriching experience for visitors. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a cultural explorer, or simply a traveler seeking to immerse yourself in the legacy of ancient Sri Lanka, Polonnaruwa promises a journey through time that is both awe-inspiring and unforgettable.